The functions of the appendicular skeleton are:ġ.It functions to anchor and support the upper limbs.Ģ. Thus, the total number of phalanges in the upper limb is \(28\) (\(14\) in each arm).įORELIMB \( \right) \times 2 = 28\)įigure: The Lower Limbs Appendicular Skeleton Function There are three phalanges in each finger, excluding the thumb, two phalanges. (6) Phalanges or Digits: They are the bones of the hand’s fingers. five in each hand, consisting of a shaft, distal head, and a broad proximal base. (5) Metacarpals or Palm bones: These are present between the phalanges of fingers and carpal bones. eight in each hand which makes the wrist and connects the hand to the forearm. (4) Carpals or Wrist bones: They are sixteen small bones, i.e. It runs parallel to the radius in the forearm. According to the anatomical position, it is present on the medial side of the forearm. (3) Ulna:A long bone found in the forearm connects firmly to the humerus. There are two radius bones, one on each hand It supports the thumb side of the forearm. (2) Radius: It is also a large bone of the upper limb the humerus articulates with the head of the radius at the elbow joint. There are two humerus bones, one in each hand. (1) Humerus: It is a long bone of the upper limb with a rounded head, a v-shaped ridge and a flat lower end it extends from the shoulder to the elbow. The upper limb consists of the following bones: humerus, radius, ulna, carpals or wrist bones, metacarpals or palm bones and phalanges or digits. It contains a total of \(60\) bones, i.e., \(30\) on each side. The Upper limbs or forearm: The upper limb or forearm is also known as antebrachium. This supports the lower body organs including urinary bladder, reproductive organs.ģ.This carries the complete weight of our vertebral column and body.This provides an attachment point of numerous muscles which are needed to move the legs.The ischium has another small depression, called the lesser sciatic notch. The ilium has one large depression called the greater sciatic notch.
The two halves of the pelvic girdle meet ventrally to form pubic symphysis containing fibrous cartilage.In this, the head of the femur articulates. The hip joint socket is the acetabulum, which is deep and cup-shaped.Each coxal bone comprises three fused bones: the upper ilium, the lower ischium, and the inner pubis.Coxal bone (hip bones) is also called ossa coxae or innominate bone.It comprises two coxal bones or hip bones. The pelvic girdle is a composition of bones that functions as the point of attachment of the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. Pelvic girdle: The pelvic girdle is also called pelvis or Hip girdle. This also provides connections between the upper extremities (arms) and the axial skeleton.Ģ.This provides an attachment point of numerous muscles which are needed to move the forearm.The lateral ends of the superior scapula is a projection of the anterior surface called the Coracoid process.The Glenoid cavity is the depression that is present below the acromion where the head of the humerus articulates to form the shoulder joint.This articulates with the arm and collar bone. The end of the spine projects as a flattened and expanded portion called the acromion.The scapula’s dorsal, flat, triangular body consists of a sharp ridge called the spine.It is located between the second and seventh ribs.It lies on the dorsal side of the thorax.
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